Proprietà degli ammassi di galassie

In questa tesi di laurea triennale vengono presentati gli ammassi di galassie, si parlerà inizialmente delle loro caratteristiche generali quali la morfologia e la loro classificazione, per poi passare in rassegna tutte le principali proprietà fisiche che li caratterizzano ed infine si parlerà dei meccanismi di emissione a loro associati

Understanding risk in pharmaceutical supply chains

The ReMediES (Reconfiguring Medicines End-to-end Supply) project - involving 22 industrial partners comprising global pharmaceutical companies, major contract manufacturing organisations, equipment manufacturers, and logistics specialists – examined future pharmaceutical supply chains supported by novel technology. These technology interventions spanned the end-to-end pharmaceutical supply chain: R&D, Primary Manufacturing, Secondary Manufacturing, and Distribution to patients. The ReMediES project delivered outputs that are captured in Badman and Srai (2018) – see academic references at the end of this document. This briefing sets out the key outputs emerging from the strand of activity linked specifically to the management of pharmaceutical supply risk

Can Input-Output Data Inform Agri-food Supply Network Reconfiguration? The Case of Water-Intensive Crop Production in Developing Economies

Thispaperidentifiesopportunitiesto facilitate agri-food supply networkreconfiguration,usingpubliclyavailable input-output data platformstogenerateinsights into the water intensity of crop production. Making reference to the Indian economy, it is shown that intuitive analytics can berapidly developed to unravel complex patterns of production and consumption in global valuenetworks, and the pressure exerted on freshwater resourcesat specific locations. The potential use of the evidence thus obtained to supportalternativecrop policy scenarios and agri-food supply network configurationsis discussed, with an emphasis on the need to inform a possible transition away fromhighly specialized cropping patterns.BBSRC Grant No. BB/P027970/

Supply Chain Digital Twins: Opportunities and Challenges Beyond the Hype

23rdCambridge International Manufacturing SymposiumUniversity of Cambridge, 26 –27 September 20191Supply Chain Digital Twins: Opportunities and Challenges Beyond the HypeJagjit Singh Srai*, Ettore Settanni, Naoum Tsolakis, Parminder Kaur AulakhCentre for International Manufacturing, Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom*[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] paper discusses the application of digital twin concepts, prevalent in the factory unit operations environment, to the supply chaincontext. While the concept of digital twin is relatively recent in the manufacturing context, its application has now emerged within a wider supply chain context. It is unclear in this broader application what might the benefits of such an approach be in terms of operational control, replicability and efficiency. Following a literature review, the attributes of a Digital Twin Supply Chain (DTSC) are defined, highlighting similarities and differences from the traditional factory perspective that places the emphasis on equipment and unit operations. Selected DTSC attributesare then applied within a selection ofindustry case studieswhere advanced manufacturing technologies and industrial digitalisation are expected to provide new capability in terms of more distributed made-to-order manufacturing (e.g.,in pharmaceuticals supply chains), as well as enhanced visibility, traceability and authentication (e.g.,in organic food supply chains).Advanced Manufacturing Supply Chain Initiative (Grant No. 35708-233529); EPSRC (Grant No. EP/P006965/1); BBSRC (Grant No. BB/P027970/1); and the Knowledge & Innovation Community (KIC) onFood of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), a body of the EU(Activity 19041

Cutting cost in service systems: are you running with scissors?

A rigorous link between the domains of cost estimation, systems theory, and accident investigation reveals fundamental epistemological limitations of commonly employed cost models when dealing with the characteristics of servitization systems

Next generation supply chains: making the right decisions about digitalisation

This white paper is based on research carried out by the IfM’s Centre for International Manufacturing and insights emerging from our work with industrial partners. In it we share our latest findings to help global companies consider their digital supply chain strategies

A through-life costing methodology for use in product-service-systems

Availability-based contracts which provide customers with the use of assets such as machines, ships, aircraft platforms or subsystems like engines and avionics are increasingly offered as an alternative to the purchase of an asset and separate support contracts. The cost of servicing a durable product can be addressed by Through-life Costing (TLC). Providers of advanced services are now concerned with the cost of delivering outcomes that meet customer requirements using combinations of assets and activities via a Product Service System (PSS). This paper addresses the question: To what extent are the current approaches to TLC methodologically appropriate for costing the provision of advanced services, particularly availability, through a PSS? A novel methodology for TLC is outlined addressing the challenges of PSS cost assessment with regard to 'what?' (cost object), 'why/to what extent?' (scope and boundaries), and 'how?' (computations). The research provides clarity for those seeking to cost availability in a performance-orientated contractual setting and provides insight to the measures that may be associated with it. In particular, a reductionist approach that focuses on one cost object at a time is not appropriate for a PSS. Costing an advanced service delivered through a PSS is a problem of attributing the value of means to the economic activities carried out for specific ends to be achieved. Cost results from the interplay between monetary and non-monetary metrics, and uncertainties thereof. Whilst seeking to ensure generality of the findings, the application of TLC examined here is limited to a military aircraft platform and subsystems. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Microbiological and chemical monitoring of Marsala base wine obtained by spontaneous fermentation during large-scale production

The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the natural winemaking on the microbial and chemical composition of Marsala base wine. To this purpose, a large-scale vinification process of Grillo grape cultivar was monitored from harvesting to the final product. Total yeasts (TY) showed a rapid increase after must pressing and reached values almost superimposable to those registered during the conventional winemakings. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were registered at the highest levels simultaneously to yeast growth at the beginning of the process. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the species found at the highest concentrations in all samples analysed. Several strains (n= 16) was registered at high levels during the alcoholic fermentation and/or aging of wine; only two of them were detected on the grape surface. Lactobacillus plantarum was the LAB species most frequently isolated during the entire vinification process. Ethanol content was approximately 14% (v/v) at the end of vinification. The value of pH did not greatly vary during the process and the volatile acidity (VA) was detected at low concentrations during the entire transformation. The concentration of malic acid rapidly decreased during the AF; on the other hand, lactic acid showed an irregular trend during the entire process. trans-caffeil tartaric acid was the most abundant hydroxycinnamoyl tartaric acid and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were mainly represented by isoamylic alcohol and isobutanol

Those who do not move, do not notice their (supply) chains-inconvenient lessons from disruptions related to COVID-19.

An Italian comedian once joked: “Americans buy thousands of tons of Danish cookies, and Danes buy thousands of tons of American cookies, with a coming and going of ships, airplanes, trains. Is this sensible? Maybe it is, because the cookies are different. But why wouldn’t they just swap recipes?” The target of this joke is ‘competitive’ imports. These are commodities that an economy could, and indeed produces to some extent. Like the cookies trade joke, the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic also raised concerns about competitive imports. Below, I will focus on few examples from healthcare.EPSRC (Grant No. EP/P006965/1) Advanced Manufacturing Supply Chain Initiative (Grant No. 35708-233529)